CNC machining has transformed the way we create parts, but not all machines are created equal. As businesses look to enhance their production capabilities, the choice between 3 vs 4 axis CNC machines becomes crucial. Is the extra investment in a 4 axis machine worth it?
In general, 4 axis CNC machines are more expensive than 3 axis machines. This price difference is due to the increased complexity and capabilities of 4 axis systems. They allow for more intricate designs and the ability to machine multiple sides of a part efficiently, which can justify the higher cost.
Read on to find out the factors that influence these costs and a total breakdown of the 4 axis vs 3 axis CNC machining expenses. You might find the insights to see which one fits your manufacturing needs.
How to Calculate CNC Machining Cost
Calculating the cost of CNC machining involves several important factors. Understanding these can help you make better decisions and manage your budget effectively. Let’s break down the key components that influence the expenses:
Material Costs
The type of material you choose plays an important role in determining the overall cost. CNC machining is a subtractive process, which means it removes material to create the final product. This often leads to using more raw material than what ends up in the finished piece.
Machinists typically buy materials in blocks and the price varies based on their size, quantity, and type. For instance, metals are generally pricier than plastics and within each category, costs can differ significantly. For example, titanium and stainless steel are more expensive than aluminum. Similarly, high-performance plastics like PEEK can cost much more than common ones like ABS or acrylic.
Machining Costs
The machining costs depend largely on the type of machine used. There are mainly two types: 3 axis CNC and multi-axis machines, such as 4 axis and 5 axis CNC machines. Multi-axis machines can perform more complex cuts and shapes but usually come with higher costs.
To find out the running cost, you can calculate the price of the machine and how many hours it will run each year. The average machine operates around 5,000 hours annually. By dividing the machine’s purchase price by these operating hours, you can figure out an hourly rate, which helps with the estimation of the service cost.
Labor Costs
Even though CNC machining involves a lot of automation, labor costs still matter. Most of the labor expenses come from the design and digitization phases. Typically, labor costs can be broken down into three main areas: programming, machine setup, and monitoring the machining process.
Programming involves creating the digital file that the CNC machine will use and it’s the most expensive part of labor costs. The whole process involves finalizing the design, converting it into a CAD file, and then converting the file again into a CAM file that a CNC machine can read.
Machine setup includes preparing the machine and ensuring everything is in place for production. Finally, monitoring is necessary to make sure the machining goes smoothly and to address any issues that arise.
Complexity of the Parts
The complexity of the part to be produced is another factor contributing to the total cost of turning, routing, or CNC milling service. If your design has intricate features or unusual shapes, it will likely take more time to machine, which will add up to the labor and tool costs.
Parts with thin walls, deep voids, or sharp corners are particularly challenging. They often require specialized tools or additional machining steps. In contrast, simpler designs are quicker and cheaper to produce. Also, larger parts need more raw material and labor, which can drive up the overall cost.
Tooling
Tooling refers to the special tools and bits that the machine shop uses to create your parts. Sometimes, custom projects need unique tools that aren’t part of the regular inventory. If this happens, the shop might need to buy new tools just for your project.
While these tools stay at the shop after your project is done, you might still have to cover some of the costs. Why? Because tools can wear out, especially when working with tough materials. So, when budgeting for your CNC machining project, remember to account for these potential tooling costs.
Surface Finish
Some products need a special finish to make them more appealing or to remove any scratches left from machining. There are various types of finishes to consider. Anodizing gives aluminum parts a tough, beautiful layer. Painting or coating can add color and protection. Other options, like chroming or galvanizing, can enhance durability.
While these finishes add to the total cost, they can also significantly improve the appearance and longevity of your product.
Post-Processing
Once the machining is complete, there are often extra steps involved, like assembly and transportation. These tasks usually require manual labor, which can add to the overall expense.
For example, if you need your parts assembled before shipping, that extra labor will cost money. Similarly, getting your products to their final destination involves logistics, so you have to bear the delivery cost. Always factor in these post-processing costs when planning your budget.
All these factors add to the total cost of a machining project. However, CNC shops are still able to manufacture your products at a cheap price because of product volume. For example, a part may cost $1 for machining and materials and the production setup fee is $150. If you only make one part, the total cost is $151. But if you make 200 units, the cost per unit drops to just $1.75.
4 Axis vs 3 Axis CNC Service Cost: Detailed Contrast
The over cost of a project will vary depending on using 4 axis vs 3 axis CNC services. To calculate it, most shops use a common formula:
Estimated Price = (Setup + Material Costs) + (Machining Time x Hourly Rate) + Finishing Expenses
We’ve still discussed several factors in detail, so you have a better idea about the final cost of 4 axis vs 3 axis machining.
Price of Raw Materials
Both 3 axis and 4 axis CNC machines use similar materials. For example, a standard 6″x6″x1″ sheet of ABS plastic costs about $17, while aluminum 6061 is around $25. The type of material you select can greatly influence your overall costs, regardless of the machine type.
If your project requires higher-end materials, like aluminum 7075 or stainless steel 304, expect to pay more. The expenses increase even more if you machine larger parts.
Machining Hourly Rates
In Europe, a CNC parts manufacturing company typically charges between $35 and $40 per hour for 3 axis machining. In contrast, 4 axis machining comes at a higher price, with rates from $75 to $120 per hour.
If you’re looking for budget-friendly options, Chinese companies might offer lower rates, charging around $8 to $10 for 3-axis services and about $30 for 4-axis.
Complexity of Part Design
The shape and complexity of the parts you want to create also play a crucial role. Simple shapes are ideal for 3 axis machines, which can save you money. However, if your design is complex, using a 3 axis CNC machine may lead to extra costs due to potential errors and additional machining steps.
In these cases, a 4 axis machine can handle the complexity more effectively, ultimately saving you time and reducing defects.
Programming and Operator Skills
Programming for 3 axis machines is straightforward. This simplicity means you can often employ less experienced operators, reducing labor costs.
On the other hand, 4 axis machines require a more complex programming approach. This complexity demands skilled operators, which can raise your overall costs. So, this difference in skill requirements can significantly impact your project budget.
Contrast Table
The 3 axis CNC machines are usually cheaper to buy and maintain. This makes them a popular choice for many small businesses and hobbyists. However, while the initial costs are lower, you still need to think about other expenses, like custom fixtures for making complex parts, more running time, etc.
On the other hand, the 4 axis CNC machines are a bit pricier, mainly because they offer more advanced features. They can handle more complex designs that a 3 axis machine might struggle with. This means you might need fewer custom fixtures, which can save you money in the long run. For projects that require intricate detailing or multiple sides of a part to be machined, 4 axis machines can be more efficient.
Also, the operational costs for skilled operators are similar for both types, but the overall efficiency of a 4 axis machine can lead to reduced machining time. This can make a significant difference in large projects where time is money.
We’ve created a 4 axis vs 3 axis CNC service cost contrast table for your better understanding:
| Cost Factor | 4 Axis CNC | 3 Axis CNC |
| Price of Materials | Similar costs for basic materials (e.g., ABS: $17, Aluminum 6061: $25) | Similar costs for basic materials (e.g., ABS: $17, Aluminum 6061: $25) |
| Machining Rate/Hour | $75 – $120 (Europe); $30 (China) | $35 – $40 (Europe); $8 – $10 (China) |
| Part Complexity | Handles complexity effectively, reducing errors and additional machining steps | Best for simple designs; potential extra costs for complex parts |
| Programming and Operator Skills | Complex programming; higher labor costs due to skilled operators required | Straightforward programming; lower labor costs due to less experienced operators |
| Overall Cost | Generally higher due to hourly rate and operator skill requirements | Lower due to hourly rate and operator skill requirements |
Conclusion
In comparison of 4 axis vs 3 axis CNC service cost, the 4 axis machining comes out as the more expensive option. But the extra cost can be justified by the increased complexity and capabilities it offers. Ultimately, the best choice for your business depends on your specific needs and budget. Consider the factors we’ve discussed, such as material costs, machining time, and part complexity, to make an informed decision.
Want to get the best CNC machining solution for your project? Contact Zintilon for a free quote and consultation. Our experts will help you determine if a 3 axis or 4 axis machine is the right fit for your needs.
